tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-184289912024-03-25T05:16:13.227-07:00Winged Words<b>
Words have their stories as men have their ones.<br>
人に物語があるように、言葉にも物語はある。</b>
<br><br>
<i>Words fly from place to place & travel from time to time, changing their shapes & senses...<br>
言葉は姿や意味を変えながら、国から国へと飛んでいき、時代から時代へと旅をする。</i>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.comBlogger838125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-8097992850514343842024-03-21T00:04:00.000-07:002024-03-21T00:09:12.754-07:00woke<p> <span style="color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: 700; white-space-collapse: preserve;">woke</span></p><span id="docs-internal-guid-6807f45d-7fff-a9e8-bd3c-15821afba829"><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">(原義・身体の状態) 目覚めている。起きている。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">(比喩) 目覚めた。気づいた。注意している。用心している。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> (政治的用法) 社会的偏見・組織的人種差別・性差別に気づいている・反対している。公平性の実現のために社会改革が必要だと考えている。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> (蔑視的用法) 独善的に「目覚めた」。独善的平等論 (者) の。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">〜〜〜 Word DNA 〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 3pt 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> ETYMOLOGY </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">In the late 19th century, the past participle of </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">wake</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> became the adjective, meaning “not asleep,” chiefly in African American Vernacular English, & then, the word has got to be used in figurative ways. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">In 2008, the politically figurative use of the term got popularized by the refrain “I stay woke” of a song called </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Master Teacher</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> created & played by an American song-writer Erykah Badu. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> USE & MEANING </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">{In Physical Use or the Original Sense] awake; not asleep:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> </span><span style="color: #4d5156; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Want to stay woke till late at night or early in the morning?</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">[In figurative Use] awake to; aware of; careful; vigilant:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> Stay woke. Keep your eyes open…</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> [In Political Use] awake or alert to, or opposing the social discrimination, systemically racial segregation, sexism, etc.; thinking that a social reform is necessary to realize equality:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> Check out our stay woke shirt selections…</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> Many conservatives may view woke perspectives as overly politically correct, divisive or even as a threat to traditional values and institutions…</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> The woke often advocate for marginalized groups and challenge societal norms and structures that perpetuate inequality…</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> Woke individuals support and advocate for LGBTQ+ rights, including equal treatment, protection from discrimination, and recognition of diverse sexual identities…</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> [In Pejorative Use] self-righteously egalitarian:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> I hate woke culture…</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> the woke-minded virus…</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> WOKE-DELIVATIVES & COMPOUNDS </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">anti-woke</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">woke-ism</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">wokeness</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> 外来語 </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">ウォーク</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt; text-align: right;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜 </span><span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">言葉の遺伝子 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">〜〜〜</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">woke</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> は </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">wake</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> の過去分詞。「起こされた = 起きている」</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">woke</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> が形容詞の働きをするようになったのは19世紀末の米国で、アフリカ系アメリカ人が使い出した。身体・肉体の状態を表す際は「起きている。睡眠の状態にない」ことだが、すぐに比喩的用法もできた。特に政治と社会の仕組みがどうなっているのかに「気づいた」人々や、そういった人々の思想・観念などを形容するのに </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">woke</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> は使われている。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">2008年には米国のシンガー・ソング・ライターであるエリカ・バドゥが『マスター・ティーチャー』の歌詞の中に I stay woke をリフレインとして歌うと、たちまち、 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">woke</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> は認知されるようになった。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">しかし、保守派の中には </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">woke movements</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> に反感を抱く人々もいて、この単語は蔑視的用法でも使用されている。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">日本語は</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">ウォーク</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">の語形で借用している。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 3pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">格差是正が必要だと訴えたり、ジェンダー平等論を唱えつつも、実際には本腰を入れてその実現のために行動していない企業・個人が存在する状況を<b>ウォーク・ウォッシング</b>という。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 3pt 0pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">強固な保守派対ウォーク派の対立では、例えば、LGBTQ+問題ひとつをとってみても、容易に分かりあえるものではないので、根が深い。保守派は、神が造ったのはアダムとイブだけだから、世の中には男と女しかいないと言い張り、ウォーク派は、性はもっと多様だ、と言い張る。</span></p><div><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></div></span>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-69308046836249520272024-01-23T21:22:00.000-08:002024-01-23T21:39:06.033-08:00eclair<p> <b style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11px;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">eclair<br /></span></b><b style="color: #2d2d2d; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 11px;">エクレア。</b></p><p class="p2" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>--- Word DNA ---------------------------------------</b></p><p class="p3" style="color: #666666; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><b></b><br /></p><p class="p2" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b style="background-color: #d9ead3;">ETYMOLOGY</b></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s2">In the 19th century, the French word </span><b>éclair</b> entered the English vocabulary which originally meant “flash of lightning.” You should eat it up as quickly as a flash of lightning, because it easily crumbles.</p><p class="p5" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><b></b><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><span class="s2" style="background-color: #d9ead3; color: #6aa84f;">MEANING & USE<br /></span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>A finger-shaped piece of pastry made with choux dough filled with cream and typically topped with chocolate icing:<i><br /><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Enjoy your home-made </i><span class="s3"><i>éclairs</i></span><i>!...</i><br /><i style="color: #2d2d2d;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Eclairs are eaten by people around the world…<br /><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i><span class="s3" style="color: #1f1f1f;"><i>This playful explanation was even referenced in the 19th-century Chambers Dictionary, defining the éclair as "a cake, long in shape but short in duration."</i></span></p><p class="p6" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><b><span style="background-color: #d9ead3;"><span class="s2" style="color: #6aa84f;">外来語</span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><br /></span></span>エクレア </b><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">[</span>フランス語から<span class="s4" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">]</span></p><p class="p7" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: right;"><b>------------------------------------ </b><span class="s1" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>言葉の遺伝子</b></span><b> ---</b></p><p class="p8" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p><p class="p6" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><b>エクレア</b>はシュークリームの生地にクリームを詰め込んでチョコレートをかぶせた細長いフランスのお菓子で、フランス語の原義は「稲妻」である。このお菓子は崩れやすいので稲妻の素早さで食べ切らないといけない。日本語はフランス語から借用したもの。</p><p class="p6" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 15px;">他にも語源は諸説ある。例えば、<span class="s4" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><br /><br /><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>1. </span>うますぎて稲妻のようにあっという間に食べてなくなるので、<span class="s4" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><br /><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>2.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>チョコレートの光沢が稲妻のように見えるので、<span class="s4" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><br /><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>3.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>焼くときに稲妻の素早さでかえさなければならないので、<span class="s4" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><br /><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>4.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>クリームの詰め方が稲妻のようなものなので、</p><p class="p6" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 15px;">このお菓子は「稲妻」というようになった、というものである。</p><p class="p6" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><a href="https://songbyriver.blogspot.com/2012/10/blog-post_3536.html">飲食物に関する言葉</a></p><p class="p6" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><br /></p><p class="p6" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 15px;"><br /></p>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-70176947596279428322023-12-30T22:05:00.000-08:002023-12-30T22:31:10.635-08:00 Years Are Travelers<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: 700; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Years Are Travelers</span></p><span id="docs-internal-guid-c65b3b22-7fff-e7a1-fa43-b92389c40f25"><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">After Basho Matsuo, a Japanese bard, the father of Haiku, had died, a follower Kikaku Takarai published his master’s journey essay </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Oku-no-hosomichi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">, 1702. On the route from Edo to Ogaki, there was Matsushima, the destination, one of the most beautiful view spots in Japan, where Basho was excited the most. Traveling with Sora, Basho’s companion, he began to write the essay with the following paragraph, familiar to the Japanese readers:</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">E</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">very Day & every Month are like a journey guest visiting you one after another eternally, & every Year, coming & going, is your guest, too. Those who drive a ship for their entire life & those who draw the bit of a horse until they turn old, are like that they are traveling every day & living on a journey. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;">日本の詩人、俳句の父である松尾芭蕉が亡くなったあと、弟子の宝井其角が1704年に芭蕉の旅の紀行文である『おくののほそ道』を刊行した。江戸から大垣までの道のりの中に、芭蕉が一番見てみたかった風光明媚な目的地の松島があった。同行者の曽良と旅をしながら、日本人の読者には馴染みのある次の文章で、紀行文を書き始めた。</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">月日は百代の過客にして、行きかふ年も又旅人也。船の上に生涯をうかべ、馬の口とらへて</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="text-wrap: nowrap;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">老をむかふるものは。日ゝ 旅にして旅を栖とす。</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #c9daf8; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">DATA</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">原典</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">『おくのほそ道』</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #c9daf8; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">原文</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">月日は百代の過客にして、行きかふ年も又旅人也。船の上に生涯をうかべ、馬の口とらへて</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="text-wrap: nowrap;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">老をむかふるものは。日ゝ 旅にして旅を栖とす。</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #d0e0e3; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">著者</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">松尾芭蕉</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">寛永二十一年生、元禄七年没。</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #c9daf8; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">THE NAME OF THE ESSAY</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Oku-no-hosomichi</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Literally: “the Strange Narrow Road”</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">E</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">very Day & every Month are like a journey guest visiting you one after another eternally, & every year, coming & going, is your guest, too. Those who drive a ship for their entire life & those who draw the bit of a horse until they turn old, are like that they are traveling every day & living in a journey. </span></p><br /><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #c9daf8; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">AUTHOR</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Basho Matsuo</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">1644 - 94</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□</span></p><div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></div></span>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-29540162045642402802023-12-25T23:05:00.000-08:002023-12-26T22:31:50.250-08:00Nazi<p> <b style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px;">Nazi</b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">ナチ、ナチス。</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s1" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">ナチ党員</span> (= member of the Nazi Party)</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">独裁者、極右、人種差別論者。</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">独善家。自分の考えを押し付ける人。ルールに厳格で融通のきかない人。</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">熱狂的な人。熱心に打ち込んでいる人。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p4" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b>~~~</b><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> WORD DNA </b></span><b>~~~~~~~~~~</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 21px;"><b></b><br /></p><p class="p5" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b style="background-color: #d9ead3;">ETYMOLOGY</b></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span class="s3" style="color: black;">1930, the term <b>Nazi</b> entered English that is the German abbreviation of </span><i>Nationalsozialist</i> or <i>Nationalsozialistisch,</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>& is also said as a German regional pun created by the opponents of this political party that was referred to as the pet name of <i>Ignatius, </i>which implied a clumsy person. The official full name is <i>die</i><span class="s4" style="color: #202122;"><i> Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei </i>(<i>NSDAP</i>) or the </span>National Socialist German Workers’ Party.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p8" style="color: #202122; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;">In the late 1980s, from the fact that the Nazis were fanatic, the new sense of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>a “very zealous person” was formed.</p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;">In the late 1980s, the US slang term <b>feminazi</b> appeared as a compound of <b>femi-</b>, the shortened form of <b>feminist,</b> & <b>Nazi</b>, meaning “one who is considered to be holding extreme feminist views.”</p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b style="background-color: #d9ead3;">MEANING<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>& USAGE</b></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;">In original & attributive use,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="s4" style="color: #202122;"> one of the </span>National Socialist German Workers’ Party members; of, by, related to, or controlled by this party (English speakers often use the phrase <b>the</b> <b>Nazi Party</b>):</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The precursor to the Nazi Party was the German Workers’ Party (DAP) founded by Anton Drexler and Carl Harrer in Munich in January 1919. Adolf Hitler joined the DAP in September 1919…</i></p><p class="p9" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>A Nazi shot a young priest…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In 1920, the Nazi Party published the Twenty-Five Points…</i></p><p class="p10" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The Nazi organizations monitored the vote process…</i></p><p class="p9" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Was Ernst Röhm a Nazi?...</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The Nazi policies, implemented by Adolf Hitler…</i></p><p class="p11" style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The Nazi book<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>burnings, known as the Aktion against the in-German spirit, took place on the night of May 10, 1933.</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The Nazi rearmament program…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The German Labor Front (Deutsche Arbeitsfront) was a Nazi Organization…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Under the Nazi regime, the German government implemented extensive control over wages and working conditions…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Some workers perceived economic improvements under Nazi rule, particularly with the reduction of unemployment and implementation of the infrastructure projects…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>While the Nazi Party gained support, it persecuted opposing individuals and groups…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The Confessing Church rejected Nazi interference in religious matters…</i></p><p class="p11" style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span class="s5" style="color: #333333;"><i> </i></span><i>The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nazi salute, also known as Heil-Hitler salute…</i></p><p class="p11" style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span class="s5" style="color: #333333;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>T</i></span><i>he Nazi Bishop Ludwig Müller…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nazi paramilitary forces SS and SA along with civilian sympathizers targeted Jewish-own businesses, synagogues, homes, and schools…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>During the Nazi era in Germany, the regime implemented a program known as Aktion T4…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Both Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan, led by Emperor Hirohito,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>saw the Soviet Union as a common adversary…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nazi Lawyers Association…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nazi eugenic ideology…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nazi-occupied France…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The Nazi regime established several extermination camps…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The Nazi Holocaust or Shoah…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nazi war criminals…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>West Germany Nazi hunters…</i></p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;">In plural use, members of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party; the regime, government, order, paramilitary unit, officials, etc. of Adolf Hitler’s party:</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Not all Germans were Nazis…</i></p><p class="p9" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Those damned Nazis…</i></p><p class="p12" style="color: #202122; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s5" style="color: #333333;"><i> </i></span><i>Gestapo, the Nazis’ Secret Police Forces…</i></p><p class="p9" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They were hiding from Nazis…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The Nazis tapped into a strong sense of nationalism and pride among Germans, promising to restore the country’s greatness and overturn perceived humiliations from the Treaty of Versailles…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The Nazis attempted to co-opt the symbolism of May Day for their own purposes…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The Nazis effectively used propaganda to shape public opinions…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The Nazis utilized violence, intimidation, and suppression of political opponents to maintain control…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Mass shootings were one method used by the Nazis…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>As the war progressed, the Nazis transitioned to more industrialized methods of mass murder, involving the extermination camps equipped with gas chambers and crematoria…</i></p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;">In extended & attributive use, a person similar to a member of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party; one who is in a political organization similar to the NSDAP or has Hitler-like political thoughts; a dictator, totalitarian, tyrant, or fascist; a racist:</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Chilean Nazis…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>I am an American Nazi…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>IBM suspends ads on X after they appeared next to pro-Nazi content…</i></p><p class="p9" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nazis in Ukraine…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Neo-Nazis flood social media with calls for violence…</i></p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 21px;"><i></i><br /></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;">In hyperbolic or figurative use, one who imposes his or her views on others; a strict, inflexible person; a self-righteous person (This use rarely appears):</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Step two three four, and back two three four. Talk about exercise Nazis!...</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Health nazis are critical of the lifestyle of what they derisively label ‘couch potatoes’ whom they regard as ‘an inferior class of people’…</i></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The grammar Nazi is obsessed with proper spelling and grammar…</i></p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 21px;"><i></i><br /></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;">In ameliorated fanatic use, one who is zealous for; one who is going his or her own way:</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>They are surf nazis…</i></p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b style="background-color: #d9ead3;">DERIVATIVES & COMPOUNDS</b></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b>anti-Nazi </b>[anti-, the prefix that denotes opposing.]</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b>Nazism</b> [-ism, the suffix that denotes a system of theory or practice.]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>neo-Nazism </b>[neo- “new.”]</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b>nazify</b> [-ify, the verb-forming suffix. “To make a person or country to instill Nazi or similar fascist ideology.”]</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>nazifying</b> [-ing, the suffix that means the continuous action or existence.]</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nazified</b> [-ed, the suffix that forms the past & past participle of the verb.]</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Nazification </b>[-fication, the noun-forming suffix that means “making”; “the process that makes a country, person, etc. fit to Nazi ideology.”]</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>denazify </b>[de-, the deprivation or removal prefix. “To remove Nazism”]</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Denazification </b>[“the process that groups of non-Nazi people removes Nazism.”]</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b>Nazi-ish </b>[-ish, the adjective-forming suffix “like; similar”]</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b>Nazistic</b> [-istic, the adjective-forming suffix “having Nazi ideology”]</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b>non-Nazi</b> [non-, the denial prefix; “one that is free from Nazism.”]</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b>Naziphile</b> [-phile, the suffix that forms the noun “one who loves” or the adjective “loving”]</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b>pro-Nazi</b> [pro-, the prefix “for, in favor of, on the side of”]</p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b style="background-color: #d9ead3;">外来語</b></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b>ナチ</b></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b>ナチス</b></p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p14" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px 27px; text-align: right;"><b>~~~~~~~~~</b><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span><b>言葉の遺伝子</b><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span><b>~~~</b></p><p class="p15" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span class="s6" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>Nazi</b></span>が英語になったのは<span class="s6" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">1930</span>年。ドイツ語の「国家社会主義<span class="s6" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> (</span>者<span class="s6" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">)</span>」の略語だが、この党に反対の人々がドイツ語方言で作った洒落だとも言われていて、それによると、ナチはイグナティウス「ぶきっちょ」の愛称である。</p><p class="p15" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;">この政党の正式名称は「国家社会主義ドイツ労働者党」で、その政策はヴェルサイユ条約の破棄、自給自足経済の構築、ナチが定義する「アーリア人」支配の確立、ドイツ人居住区<span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> (lebensraum) </span>の拡張、ナチのイデオロギーで「下民<span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> (Untermenschen)</span>」に指定されたユダヤ人やそのほかロマニ人やシンティ人とスラブ系民族などの抹殺による「民族浄化」、及び、「生きるに値しない」と断定された同性愛者、障害者の抹殺による「遺伝子の優生化」、共産主義者や民主主義者などの反ナチの粛清、反個人主義と集団管理主義の徹底実践であった。アドルフ・ヒトラー総統<span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> (</span><span class="s7" style="color: #202122; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">Führer und Reichskanzler Adolf Hitler</span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">) </span>の目論見では、以上の政策を断行することによって、ドイツ第三帝国は千年続くはずであった。</p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;">ナチは<span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">1933</span>年にドイツで権力を握ると、<span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">1945</span>年に連合軍に敗れ去るまで、ドイツを独裁政で統治した。</p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;">連合国によってナチが排除されたあとも英単語<span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> <b>Nazi</b> </span>は「独裁者、極右、人種差別論者、独善家」などの意味で使われ続け、<span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">1980</span>年代には、意味が向上<span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> (amelioration) </span>して、「熱狂的な人、一心不乱の人」などの意味になった。<span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> They are surf nazis </span>「彼らはサーフィンに無我夢中」といった用法には、<span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">Nazi</span>の持つ様々な性質、つまり、残虐性、独善性、反リベラル性、全体主義性、人種差別性、弱い者いじめの性質などといった意味合いはなく、もっぱら「熱中している、心酔している、~にバカになっている」といった意味である。そういう点では、意味の向上というよりは、要素の抽出でできた意味といっていいかもしれない。</p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">1980</span>年代後半の米国で使われ出したスラングの<span class="s2" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> <b>feminazi</b> </span>は「極端なフェミニズム論者」を指す。侮蔑の念が込められたこの単語はテレビのトーク番組で使われたことから広く知られるようになった。</p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><br /></p><p class="p13" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b style="background-color: #d9ead3;"><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Related Leaves</span></b></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><a href="https://songbyriver.blogspot.com/2022/09/baka.html" style="background-color: white;">Baka</a></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span style="background-color: white;">c<a href="https://songbyriver.blogspot.com/2021/03/who-is-your-enemy-wise-hate-war.html">atch-22</a></span></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><a href="https://songbyriver.blogspot.com/2020/09/headwind-is-welcome.html">Kites rise highest against the wind...</a></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><a href="https://songbyriver.blogspot.com/2022/10/nuts.html">Nuts</a></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><a href="https://songbyriver.blogspot.com/2013/02/quisling.html">quisling</a></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><br /></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><br /></p>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-58452473229363174142023-12-17T03:27:00.000-08:002023-12-18T05:52:44.775-08:00Eat the Rich<h4 style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-weight: 700; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Eat the Rich</span></span></h4><h4 style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-fd33d23b-7fff-4716-c2f6-fdbd66efb5ba"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In US English, there is a term STRIKETOBER coined into a blend of STRIKE & OCTOBER, meaning a series of labor strikes & actions that takes place in the United States during the month of October, typically in the context of labor unions demanding better working conditions & higher wages. The term gained prominence when a strike occurred by the United Auto Workers against the Detroit 3 automakers on September 15, 2023, which ended on October 30. On October 6, UAW President Shawn Fein appeared wearing a T-shirt with a slogan EAT THE RICH at a press conference, describing that this strike was a class struggle between billionaires and workers. He meant that it is difficult for the working class now to get into the middle class. He hailed from Indiana, where his grandparents moved during the Great Depression and worked in auto factories, ultimately escaping poverty to reach the middle class. Fein's argument was that over the past 4 years, the compensation of the CEOs of the Big 3 automakers has increased by 40%, so workers should receive a 40% raise as well. He opposed corporate stock buybacks, noting that the Big 3's stock buybacks have grown 16-fold, diverting wealth from workers to the affluent. His motto EAT THE RICH warning about income inequality is attributed to the words of the 18th century Swiss-born French social philosopher & novelist, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, which say:</span></span><span id="docs-internal-guid-fd33d23b-7fff-4716-c2f6-fdbd66efb5ba"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> When the people have nothing left to eat, they will eat the rich.</span></span><span id="docs-internal-guid-fd33d23b-7fff-4716-c2f6-fdbd66efb5ba"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;">米語にはストライキとオクトーバーを合成したstriketoberなることばがある。10月に米合衆国で発生する一連のストライキを指し、特に労働環境の改善と賃上げを要求する状況に用いられている。2023年9月15日に始まり、10月30日に終結した米自動車労組がデトロイトの三大自動車メーカーに対して起こしたストライキによってこの語句は脚光を浴びた。2023年10月6日、UAWのショーン・フェイン会長は、「EAT THE RICH」というスローガンが入ったTシャツを着て記者会見にのぞみ、このストライキを富裕層と労働者との階級闘争だと説明した。意図したのは、今日の労働者階級が中流階級に入ることの難しさである。フェイン会長はインディアナ州出身で、その祖父母は大恐慌時に引っ越してきて自動車工場で働き、苦労の末、貧困から抜け出して中流階級に昇りつめたのである。フェイン会長の主張は、過去4年間でビッグスリーの自動車メーカーのCEOの報酬が40%増加したのだから、労働者も40%の昇給を受けるべきだというものであった。企業の自己株式買い戻しには反対で、ビッグスリーの自己株式買い戻しが16倍に増加し、富が労働者から富裕層へと流れていると指摘した。所得格差に警鐘を鳴らす彼のモットー「金持ちを食え」はスイス生まれのフランスの社会哲学者で作家のジャン=ジャック・ルソーの言葉に帰因しているとされている</span></span>。</span></h4><h4 style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></h4><h4 style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;">食べるものがなくなったら、庶民は金持ちを食べることになる。</span></span><span id="docs-internal-guid-fd33d23b-7fff-4716-c2f6-fdbd66efb5ba"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;">□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□<br /></span></span><span style="background-color: #d0e0e3; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;">DATA</span></span></h4><h4 style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-fd33d23b-7fff-4716-c2f6-fdbd66efb5ba"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: #d0e0e3; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;">2023 UAW PRESIDENT SHAWN FEIN’S MOTTO<br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Eat the rich.</span></span></h4><h4 style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-fd33d23b-7fff-4716-c2f6-fdbd66efb5ba"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: #d0e0e3; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;">française<br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Quand les gens n’auront plus rien à manger, ils mangeront les riches.</span></span></h4><h4 style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-fd33d23b-7fff-4716-c2f6-fdbd66efb5ba"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: #d0e0e3; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Source Attributed to Jean-Jaque Rousseau’s WORDS<br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> When the people have nothing left to eat, they will eat the rich.</span></span><span id="docs-internal-guid-fd33d23b-7fff-4716-c2f6-fdbd66efb5ba"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span><span style="background-color: #d0e0e3; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></h4><h4 style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #d0e0e3; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;">しちごちょう訳<br /></span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;">食べるもの残りないなら考えようどっさり入った金持ちの倉<br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-size: medium;">□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□</span></span></h4><span id="docs-internal-guid-fd33d23b-7fff-4716-c2f6-fdbd66efb5ba"><div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></div></span>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-67768819573050150852023-10-20T19:54:00.007-07:002023-10-23T04:35:50.676-07:00 Classical Authors Can Be Your Friends<p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">A classical book author loved to read written works, which had been already considered as classical books of their age. Kenko, a Japanese poet & monk working between the late Kamakura Period & the early Nanboku-cho Period, or in the late Middle Ages of the Western calendar, was familiar with classical books of ancient Chinese including </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Tao Te Ching</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> & </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Zhuangzi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">. Here is an English translation of the 13th passage of TsureZureGusa, a collection of brief essays of Kenko, well-known in Japan:</span></span></p><span id="docs-internal-guid-b15a881b-7fff-cd2b-ec2f-05a5d995bb49"><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">It is the best entertainment for me to open a book alone under the candle light, meeting a friend who had lived in the world before my birth, which I have never seen.</span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">古典の著者というものは彼らの時代にすでに古典になっていた書物を愛読していた。鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代初期、つまり、西洋の暦では中世末期に活躍していた日本の歌人で僧侶の兼好は『道徳経』や『荘子』を含む中国の古典に親しんでいた。ここには日本で有名な兼好の随筆集『徒然草』の第十三段の英訳例を記しておく。</span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #d0e0e3; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">DATA</span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #d0e0e3; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">原文 = Original Japanese Text</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">ひとり灯 (ともしび) のもとに文 (ふみ) をひろげて、見ぬ世の人を友とするぞ、このなう慰むわざなり。</span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #d0e0e3; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Author</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Kenko, Japanese poet & monk, c1283-c1350.</span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #d0e0e3; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">An English Translation</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">It is the best entertainment for me to open a book alone under the candle light, meeting a friend who had lived in the world before my birth, which I have never seen.</span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #d0e0e3; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">作者</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">兼好法師。鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代初期の歌人・僧侶。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□</span></p><div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></div></span>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-79831641451528000712023-10-12T00:10:00.007-07:002023-10-20T19:59:31.310-07:00tiramisu<p> <span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-weight: 700; white-space-collapse: preserve;">tiramisu</span></p><span id="docs-internal-guid-6b6c5e1d-7fff-8815-6333-b0af4d3763ba"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">ティラミス。</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; color: #666666; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">--- Word DNA ---------------------------------------</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: #d9ead3; color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">ETYMOLOGY</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">In the 20th century, the Italian dessert name </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">tiramisu</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">was borrowed into the English Language which literally means “pick me up! or lift me up!”</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 15pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">The Italian verb </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">tirare</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> comes from the Latin verb </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">tirare</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> “to pull or draw,” </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">mi</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">, from Latin </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">me</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">, </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">mihi</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> “me,” & <i>su</i>, from Latin </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">s</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 9pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">ū</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">sum</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> “up.”</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">MEANING & USE</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Tiramisu is a popular Italian dessert made with layers of coffee-soaked ladyfingers, mascarpone cheese, cocoa powder, and sometimes a touch of liqueur like Marsala or Kahlúa. It’s often served chilled.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> One tiramisu and two forks, please…</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> Delicious Tiramisu Recipes…</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> We share rich tiramisu, bowls of thick gelato, and tart citrus panna cotta…</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> I learned that tiramisu was originally based on ladyfingers and mascarpone — and that the coffee flavor only came later…</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: #d0e0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">JAPANESE LOAN </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: #d0e0e3; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">WORD</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">ティラミス</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: right;"><span face=""Trebuchet MS", sans-serif" style="background-color: transparent; color: #666666; font-size: 10pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">------------------------------------ 言葉の遺伝子 ---</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">ティラミス</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">はコーヒに浸したレディーフィンガークッキー、マスカルポーネチーズ、ココアパウダーなどを層にして重ねたイタリアのデザート。マルサラワインやカルーアを注ぎ足したものもある。ふつうは冷やしたまま食べる。</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">英語になったのは1980年代。イタリア語の </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">tirami su </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">「私を引っ張り上げて = 元気にして・元気ちょうだい」から。イタリア語はラテン語の子孫語 (daughter language) だから、 </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">tira-</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> の不定形 </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">tirare</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">、一人称代名詞目的格 </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">mi</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">、副詞 </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">su</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> はすべてラテン語に由来している。</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">このお菓子は世界中に知られていて、世界中の言語がイタリア語 </span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">tiramisu</span><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> を借用している。レシピも多種多様である。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><a href="https://songbyriver.blogspot.com/2012/10/blog-post_3536.html">飲食に関する言葉一覧</a></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span face="Arial, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></p><br /></span>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-62136500658142879772023-05-14T00:14:00.006-07:002023-10-21T17:46:05.370-07:00 Magic & Pasta<p> <b style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;">Magic & Pasta</b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><b></b><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">What is one’s life? What do you need for your life? This is an Italian saying that shows what your life is made of. <i>La vita è una combinazione di magia e pasta. </i>As everyone knows, pasta is the most important food for the Italian people. What is <i>magia</i>? Magic. It might be a miracle that brings us love, I think. The English translation of this proverb is:</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>Life is a combination of magic and pasta.</b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">人生とはなんでしょう<span class="s1" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">? </span>人生に必要なものはなんでしょう<span class="s1" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">? </span>人生が何でできているのかを示すイタリアのことわざがあります。<span class="s1" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> <i>La vita è una combinazione di magia e pasta. </i></span>言うまでもなくパスタはイタリア人にとって一番大切な食べ物です。では、魔法とはなんでしょう<span class="s1" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">?</span> それは私たちに愛をもたらしてくれる奇跡かもしれません。イタリアのことわざの意味はこうです。</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">人生は魔法とパスタの組み合わせ。</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>DATA</b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>Italian Saying</b></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">La vita è una combinazione di magia e pasta.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>English Translation</b></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Life is a combination of magic and pasta.</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><b></b><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>和訳</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">人生とは魔法とパスタを組み合わせたもの。</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><b></b><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>しちごちょう訳</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">人生に必要なのは魔法とごはん</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□</p>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-45797799849339801922022-12-30T23:08:00.003-08:002022-12-30T23:08:29.887-08:00 The Lilly<p> The Lilly</p><p>This is a poem created by William Blake for his self-printed book The Songs of Experience, published in 1794:</p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The modest rose puts forth a thorn:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The humble sheep, a threatening horn:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">While the Lilly white, shall in love delight,</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Nor a thorn nor a threat stain her beauty bright.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">おとなしい薔薇は棘を出す。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">慎ましい羊は、脅しの角を出す。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">なのに白い百合には、愛の喜びのうち、</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; white-space: pre-wrap;">美の輝きをけがす棘も脅しもありはしない。</span></p><div><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;"><br /></span></div>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-10426443139102443332022-12-24T04:42:00.007-08:002022-12-24T04:42:55.109-08:00 Peter’s Denial Jesus Predicts<p> <b style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;">Peter’s Denial Jesus Predicts</b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><b></b><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The Gospel of St. John reads (KJV 13:38) :</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><b></b><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>The cock shall not crow, till thou has denied me thrice.</b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><b></b><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><b></b><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>イエスが予言するペテロの否定</b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><b></b><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">聖ヨハネによる福音書<span class="s1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">13</span>章<span class="s1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">38</span>節</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><b></b><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>あなたが三回わたしを否定するまで、雄鶏は鳴かないでしょう。</b></p>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-18353468495086901912022-10-26T07:09:00.013-07:002023-12-26T22:43:29.530-08:00Nuts<p><span style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-weight: 700; white-space: pre-wrap;">Nuts</span></span></p><span id="docs-internal-guid-a0da0455-7fff-7b5b-bbbf-f7a94e8421b4"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The term <b>nuts</b> in US colloquial use expresses rejection or nonsense: “how rubbish!” or “how foolish!” On December 21, 1944, during the Battle of the Bulge, the Nazi commander Heinrich von Lüttwitz sent the surrender ultimatum to the US commander Anthony C. McAullife of the 101st Airborne Division, which held the Belgian town of Bastogne under the siege of the German army. He gave the US force only 2 hours to decide. After that, the Nazi threatened, German artillery fire would annihilate the US troops & Bastogne entirely. The last sentence made McAuliffe mad, which was, “</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">All the serious civilian losses caused by this artillery fire would not correspond with the well-known American humanity.” </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The tough American general of the “battered bastards of Bastogne” spit out just a single word, & it was the US official reply to the Nazi commander.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: medium;">“Nuts!”</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><div><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span><span></span><span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: medium;">- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -</span></span></p></span></span></div><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: medium;">米口語用法で nuts は拒否、ないし、無意味を表現し、「くだらん」や「ばかばかしい」を意味する。1944年12月21日、バルジの戦いのさなか、ナチの司令官ハインリヒ・フォン・リュッテヴィッツはドイツ軍が包囲しているベルギーの町バストーニュを掌握していた米第101空挺師団の司令官アンソニー・C・マコーリフに最後通牒を送った。米軍が決断するのに与えられた時間は2時間のみであった。それを過ぎれば、ドイツの砲撃が米国とバストーニュを壊滅させるとナチは脅してきた。マコーリフ司令官を怒らせたのは最後の一文であった。「この砲火によって市民が全滅することは、世に知られているアメリカの人道主義には合致しないものでしょう。」 ”バストーニュで打ちのめされた野郎ども” を率いるタフなアメリカ人の大将は一言吐き捨てたが、それがナチの司令官への米軍の公式な返答となった。</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: medium;">「ば〜か」</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: medium;">□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-size: medium;">DATA</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-size: medium;">ANTHONY C. MCAULIFFE-ISM</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: medium;">“Nuts!”</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: medium;">- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-size: medium;">アンソニー・C・マコーリフの言葉</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: medium;">「ばか」</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-size: medium;">みそひともじ訳</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: medium;">命かけ守らなければならないよ己の仲間と己の自由</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: medium;">- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="background-color: #b6d7a8; font-size: medium;">FRENCH TRANSLATION AT THAT TIME</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Vous n'êtes que de vieilles noix.</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: medium;">「貴殿らは乾涸びた豆にすぎぬ」= お前らはとっくに過去の人。</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: medium;">□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□</span></span></p><div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Related Leaf</b></span></div><div><span style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://songbyriver.blogspot.com/2023/12/nazi.html">Nazi</a></b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div></span>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-75000517008305698882022-09-25T05:58:00.010-07:002024-01-28T03:24:19.944-08:00Baka<p> <b style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px;">Baka</b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">人間爆弾。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><br /></p><p class="p4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #6aa84f;"><b>~~~</b><span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> WORD DNA </b></span><b>~~~~~~~~~~</b></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b style="background-color: #d9ead3;">ORIGIN</b></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>Japanese </b><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>ばか</b></span><b> / </b><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>バカ</b></span><b> / </b><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>馬鹿</b></span><b> / </b><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>莫迦</b></span><b> (<i>baka</i>)</b> “stupid person; fool; foolish; nonsense; very, very much”</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b style="background-color: #d9ead3;">ETYMOLOGY</b></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">1945, in the later part of the 2nd World War, the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Japanese word <b>Baka</b> was applied as a code name in the US military forces denoting a “Japanese military aircraft used for the special mission, a suicide attack to an enemy target, e.g. a US warship; a human-piloted missile” & then it has become widely known as a derogatory nickname in Allied Forces at once. With an explanation, they also called it a “Baka Bomb.”</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s3" style="color: black;">Japanese <b>baka</b> was recorded on </span><i>Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam</i> (Japanese-Portuguese dictionary: 1603), but its origin is uncertain. Etymologists explain that the origin of the term <b><i>baka</i></b> is perhaps Sanskrit <b><i>moha</i></b> “bewilderment; folly” or in its Buddhist contexts “ignorance.”</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In the Present-Day Japanese, <b>baka</b> is also used to mean the large degree. For example:</p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> ばかでかい</span> = very large</p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> </p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b style="background-color: #d9ead3;">NOTE</b></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The Japanese official name of this aircraft was <b><i>Ohka</i> (</b><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>櫻花</b></span><b> / </b><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>桜花</b></span><b>)</b>, literally “cherry blossom.” Cherry blossoms are very beautiful, but the life of those flowers in Spring is very short; hence, the symbol of short-lived beauty in Japan.</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><br /></p><p class="p8" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px 27px; text-align: right;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #6aa84f;"><b>~~~~~~~~~</b><span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span><b>言葉の遺伝子</b><span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span><b>~~~</b></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">第二次世界大戦末期、米軍は「愚か」を意味する日本語の単語「バカ」を日本軍が開発した生身の人間が操作するミサイルのコードネームにした。このコードネームは蔑視的な呼び方となり、瞬く間に連合国軍全体に知れ渡った。連合軍の兵士だちは説明を添えて<span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> Baka bomb </span>とも呼んでいた。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">日本語の<b>ばか</b><span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> (</span>馬鹿、莫迦などさまざまな表記法あり<span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">) </span>は、<span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">17</span>世紀の『日葡辞書』に記録があるが、語源の詳細はわかっていない。語源学者は梵語の<span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> <i>moha</i> </span>「当惑、動転、愚か」あるいは、梵語の仏典で「無知、無学」の意味する言葉が語源であろうと説く。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">現代日本語で<b>ばか</b>は程度が甚だしいことを表すのにも用いられている。<span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> (</span>例<span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">: </span>ばかでかい。<span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">/ </span>ばか寒い。<span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">/ </span>ばかうま。<span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">)</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">日本でつけられたこの特攻機の正式名称は櫻花であった。春に咲く桜の花は美しいが、その寿命は短く、日本では儚い美の象徴である。</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; color: #6aa84f;"><b>Related Leaf</b></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><a href="https://songbyriver.blogspot.com/2023/12/nazi.html">Nazi</a></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-199133265745293972022-03-24T05:36:00.011-07:002022-03-29T05:42:39.167-07:00borsch<p> <b><span style="font-family: arial;">borsch / borscht / borshch / bortsch</span></b></p><p class="p2" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">ボルシチ。</span></b></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>~~~</b><span class="s1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> WORD DNA </b></span><b>~~~~~~~~~~</b></span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p class="p5" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b style="background-color: #d9ead3;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ORIGIN</span></b></p><p class="p5" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Ukrainian <b>борщ</b> (borshch)</span></p><p class="p5" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Russian<b> борщ</b> (borshch)</span></p><p class="p5" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Yiddish<b> </b><span class="s2" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">באָרש</span> (borsh)</span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p class="p5" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b style="background-color: #d9ead3;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ETYMOLOGY</span></b></p><p class="p5" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In the late 19th century, the Russian term <b>borsch</b> entered the English vocabulary which is said of Ukrainian origin, meaning a “soup made with beetroot & several ingredients, served cold or hot & often with sour cream.” Various types of borsch are traditionally eaten in Ukraine, Russia, Eastern Europe, & by Ashkenazim or Yiddish-speaking Jews.</span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p6" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b style="background-color: #b6d7a8;"><span style="font-family: arial;">外来語</span></b></p><p class="p4" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ボルシチ</span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p7" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px 27px; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>~~~~~~~~~</b><span class="s1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span><b>言葉の遺伝子</b><span class="s1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span><b>~~~</b></span></p><p class="p8" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px 27px; min-height: 25px; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>Borsch </b></span>は<span class="s1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">19</span>世紀に英語の語彙に入った。元々はロシア語だが、ウクライナ語由来と言われている。語義は「ビートの根を主体に色々な具材を煮込んで作り、サワークリームを添えた冷製、または、温かいまま食べるスープ。ボルシチ」のこと。</span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">ボルシチには色々な種類があり、ウクライナ、ロシア、その他の東欧諸国、および、イディッシュ語を話すユダヤ人にとっての伝統料理である。</span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;">英語では主に<span class="s1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">4</span>つのスペリングがある。</span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="s3" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span><b>borsch / borscht / borshch / bortsch</b></span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://songbyriver.blogspot.com/2012/10/blog-post_3536.html">飲食物に関する言葉</a></span><br style="color: black; font-family: "Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN";" /></span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="p9" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 12px;"><br /></p>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-44094604611137145522021-12-31T07:02:00.007-08:002021-12-31T18:01:51.716-08:00 Wilderness is Paradise<p><b style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: large;">Wilderness is Paradise</span></b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">A 19th century British devotee of literature, Edward FitzGerald (1809-1883), translated Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (1048-1131) into English from the Middle Ages Persian. His work was not sold at all at first, but he revised & published again & again to introduce the Asain sage of medieval times into the modern times world. Omar Khayyam was a Persian astronomer who worked at an observatory in the Karakum Desert for the Seljuk dynasty to create a more precise calendar. He was not only an astronomer & mathematician, but also a philosopher & wine-loving poet. In my imagination, he was thinking about the meaning of life, while he was watching the sun & stars to calculate how long the year was every day & night. After his death, his poetry Rubaiyat (a collection of Persian-style 4-line poems) was found & published. Several centuries later, 1 poem of the Rubaiyyat, Edward FitzGerald rendered into his language like below.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Here with a Loaf of Bread beneath the Bough,</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">A Flask of Wine, a Book of Verse ── and Thou</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Beside me singing in the wilderness ──<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">And Wilderness is Paradise enow.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">19</span>世紀英国の文学愛好家エドワード・フィッツジェラルドはウマル・ハイヤームのルバイヤートを中世ペルシャ語から英語に翻訳した。彼の作品は当初全く売れなかったが、それでも中世のアジアの賢人を近代の世界に紹介するために何度も何度も改訂して出版した。ウマル・ハイヤームはペルシャの天文学者でより正確な暦を作るためにセルジューク朝のカラクム砂漠にある天文台で働いていた。彼は天文学者で数学者であると同時に哲学者であり、酒好きの詩人でもあった。私の想像では、毎日毎晩彼は太陽や星を観察して<span class="s1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">1</span>年の長さを計算しながら、人生の意味について考えていた。死後、彼の詩集ルバイヤート<span class="s1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> (</span>ペルシャの<span class="s1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">4</span>行詩<span class="s1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">) </span>が発見され、出版された。数世紀後、そのうちの一編の詩はフィッツジェラルドによって次のように訳されている。</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">大樹の木陰に、ひと塊のパン、</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">葡萄酒一瓶、詩集一冊<span class="s1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> ──</span></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">そして荒野の中、我が傍で歌う君。</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">さすれば荒野はたちまち楽園なり。</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">DATA</span></b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-size: large;">ORIGINAL</span></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Middle Ages Persian</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-size: large;">EDWARD FITZGERALD ENGLISH TRANSLATION</span></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Here with a Loaf of Bread beneath the Bough,</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">A Flask of Wine, a Book of Verse ── and Thou</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Beside me singing in the wilderness ──<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">And Wilderness is Paradise enow.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-size: large;"><b>FOOTNOTE</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">enow = now / right now.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="background-color: #d0e0e3; font-size: large;">普通訳</span></b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">大樹の木陰に、ひと塊のパン、</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">葡萄酒一瓶、詩集一冊<span class="s1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> ──</span></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">そして荒野の中、我が傍で歌う君。</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">さすれば荒野はたちまち楽園なり。</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-44216420506744491682021-12-03T22:34:00.019-08:002021-12-23T05:05:29.272-08:00Even a broken clock is right twice a day.<p><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Even a broken clock is right twice a day.</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">This is an old humorous English saying, suggesting that anyone can occasionally tell the right thing & even a hard-headed person, having a fixed idea, will be correct, if only by chance:</span></p><p><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">Even a broken clock is right twice a day.</b></p><span id="docs-internal-guid-b52329bb-7fff-b54c-d276-a0edf544b85a"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">これは古くてユーモラスな英語のことわざで、誰でもたまには正しいことを言うことがあり、固定観念をもった頑固者でさえ、偶然には違いないが、正しいこともある、ということを暗示している。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>壊れた時計でさえも一日に二回は正しい。</b></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>□</b></span><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>□</b></span><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b></p><div><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">DATA</b></div><div><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></b></div><div><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS;"><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>ORIGINAL PROVERB</b></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Even a broken clock is right twice a day.</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><i>& variants</i></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS;"><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>LANGUAGE</b></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">English.</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS;"><span style="background-color: #f4cccc; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>邦訳</b></span></span></div><div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">壊れた時計でさえも一日に二回は正しい。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>意味</b></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">どんな唐変木もごくたまに正しいことを言うことがある。</span></p></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="background-color: #f4cccc;"><b>みそひともじ訳</b></span></div><div><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white;">壊れても一日二回は正しいよ頑固者も時計と同じ</span></span></div><div><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b></span><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>□</b></span><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;">□</b></div><div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></b></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></b></p></div><div><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></b></div><div><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></b></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: x-large; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: x-large; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><div><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div></span>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-82396402678668653682021-09-29T05:45:00.005-07:002021-09-29T17:49:33.396-07:00green<p> <span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-weight: 700; white-space: pre-wrap;">green</span></p><span id="docs-internal-guid-26d8d20f-7fff-2706-887a-d50955cd3d95"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">植物の芽吹いた茎や葉の色 = 草色 = 緑</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">緑地。(特定化: 公園 / ゴルフ場のグリーン)</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">緑のもの (特定化: 牧草 / 青物野菜 / ドル札・お金)</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(青々しているさまから) 若い、自然のままの、手つかずの、うまく利用するには処理が必要な、時間が経過すると完成する、エネルギッシュな。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">未熟な、未完成の、未経験な。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">若々しい、達者な、矍鑠とした。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(信号から) 安全・許可。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(自然を想起させることから) 環境保護派の、環境にやさしい、再生可能の。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 2pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #2c5581; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">~~~ WORD DNA ~~~~~~~~~~</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">PIE </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ghrē- </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“to grow, become green.”</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(English descendants: </span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">grow, grass, graze </span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“to eat grass,”</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> & green</span><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">)</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">PROTO GERMANIC </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">*grōnjaz</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, “green.”</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">COGNATES</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 1pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dutch</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (via Middle Dutch from Germanic)</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 1pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">groen</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“green.”</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 1pt; margin-left: 1pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">groente</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> “vegetable, greens.”</span></p><br /><ul style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Middle Dutch </span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">groene</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> , </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">groen</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> , </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">grone</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> , </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">grune</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> “green, fresh, youthful, inexperienced; (of food) raw, untreated.” </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">groene</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> , </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">groen</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> , </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">grone</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> , </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">grune</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (noun)</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> “green, greenness, greenery, verdure, grassy ground, vegetables, greens, green fabric.”</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Frisian</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (via Old Frisian from Germanic)</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 2pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">grien</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 2pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Old Frisian</span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">grēne</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> , </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">grēn</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“green, fresh.”</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">German</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (via Old High German from Germanic)</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">grün</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> “green, verdant, leafy.”</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Grün</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (noun) “green, greenery, verdure, greenness.”</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Icelandic</span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> (via Old Icelandic & Old Norse from Germanic)</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 2pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">grænn </span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“green.”</span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 2pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: transparent; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Old Icelandic</span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">grœnn</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“green, the color of vegetables, grass, leaves of trees, etc.; fresh, hopeful, good.)</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Swedish</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 2pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">grön</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> “green, grassy, leafy; fresh; immature, breast-sucking.”</span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 2pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Old Swedish </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">grön</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> “</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">grass-green; fresh; new.”</span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Danish</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 2pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">grøn</span></p><ul style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 2pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Old Danish </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">grøn</span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“green, fresh.”</span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ENGLISH HISTORY</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In modern identification methods, a wavelength range of light between 500 to 575 nm is seen green to the human eye, & modern scientists have found out that green is the color of chlorophyll in cells of plants.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the Old English era, etymologists explain, the word </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">grene </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">(= green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">) inherited from Germanic the senses of:</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the color of stalks, leaves of plants or trees, </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">a single young (evergreen) tree or herb,</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Greenery (grassy field,)</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">something of that color (i.e. emerald, green plumage,)</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">or something whose part is green (some species of animals or birds,)</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ancient Germanic peoples associated the color of vegetation with the state of being young, new, fresh,flourishing, & vigorous. The adjective sense of “raw or necessary to cook for eating” is now obsolete, but the sense “necessary to process more for using” has been developing & it is widely used in Present English (e.g. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">green timber = timber that has not dried enough...</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">green wine = wine that has not been aged...</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">green concrete = concrete that has not thoroughly dried...</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">green hide = animal skin that has not tanned…</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">green linen = unbleached linen…</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">green prose = prose that is necessary to be written more neatly.)</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Other senses of the noun & adjective have been developed in Middle English & later times.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> is corresponding to the words </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">verdant</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> & </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">verdure</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of Latin origin, & the technical term element </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Choloro</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">- of Greek origin in the Indo-European family of languages. Both Latin </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">viridis</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> & Greek </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">khloros</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> mean green in color, but </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> & Germanic cognates akin to </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> didn’t express “pale of one’s face because of illness, jealousy, etc.” in ancient times. In Middle English, </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> got that complexion sense.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the early 17th century, </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">greens</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> appeared that meant “leafy vegetables for animals” at first, & about 100 years later, the new sense “leafy vegetables for food” came up.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 2pt; margin-left: 27pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin: 0pt 11pt 2pt 27pt; text-align: right;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #2c5581; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">~~~~~~~~~ 言葉の遺伝子 ~~~</span></p><div><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #2c5581; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-5d3dee35-7fff-96fc-becc-dbb099866bf5"><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Green は印欧祖語 *ghre- 「そだつ・そだてる・のびる・のばす・(大地が) 緑になる」から。この印欧祖語からできた英単語は </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green、 grass 、 grow 、graze</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> などである。 </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> は草の葉や茎、樹木の葉の色を表し、 </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">grass</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> は植物そのもの、 </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">grow</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> はその成長するさま</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">、graze</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> は伸びてくる牧草を食べることで、すべて草や葉と関係がある。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> で表現される色は現代では、</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">波長500から575nmの光で、スペクトラムでは青と黄色の間と定義されている。古代人は葉緑素を知らなかったが、現代的に解釈すれば、「葉緑素の色、あるいは、それに類似する色」といっていいのかもしれないが、</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">人間は縦横無尽に想像力を働かせるから、<b>green</b> は色ばかりではなく、植物の性質を汲み取った様々な語義を醸成した。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"><b>グリーン</b>のゲルマン諸語の同系語はおおむね「新緑、緑、草木、新鮮さ、若さ、健康、成長、希望」などと結びつく</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">。green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> はつまり、秋の紅葉・枯葉の色ではない</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">これに対してギリシャ語クロロス ( </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">χλωρός</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> は「緑色」のほかに「青白さ」を指す言葉であり、ラテン語の </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">viridis</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> 「緑色」もまた顔色が「あおい」ことを意味する。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> にも、その用法はあるけれども、病気・恐怖・妬み・陰険な気質で顔色が「あおい」ことを指すようになったのは中英語期から (例: he was green with envy.) 。言い換えれば、英語がフランス語やラテン語の影響を強く受けるようになってからである。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 2pt 27pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> のしっぽの </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">-n</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> は何かわからないが</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">、gr-</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> は </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">grow</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> の </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">gr-</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> と関係があると語源学者たちはいっている。 </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> が色と関係なく使われるとき、「これから時間が経過すると完成していく」の意味合いがある。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 2pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">古英語期には「生の、まだ食べられない、調理が必要な」などの意味があったが、それはもともと果物などが熟れていないことを指す ことと連想上つながる。例えば火にかけたばかりの生焼けの肉は時間が経過して火が通らないと食べられないように、熟れていない実も時間が経過して色づかないと食べられない。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">「あおい実、未完熟の果実」を </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green fruit</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> というのは今でも日常の統語である。だいたい植物の実は熟れる前は緑色である。植物の実は明らかに色と関係があるが、色と無関係なものも </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> で表現することがある。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">たとえば、 </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> の「手つかずの、手をかけていない」のという意味。よく乾いていない木材を </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green timber </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">というが、色は関係ない。それは使用できるようになるまで時間の経過が必要な木材であり、人間の手で何がしかの処理をしなければならない (具体的には乾燥させなければならない) 木材である。「手をかけていない、未処理の、自然のままの」のものは総じて </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> で表現することがある (例: green hide… green linen… )。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">「</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green hide</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> = 鞣していない毛皮」は古英語期からある用法。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">「まだ食べられない = まだ熟れていない」という語義に相応して、「まだ飲むには早い = 熟成していない」の意味でも </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> は用いられる (例: green liquor… green wine…)。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">計画や思想も完成していないものは </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> で形容されることがある。「青写真しかできていない」とか、「まとまっいない」といった意味になろう。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">緑色は青葉の色であり、芽吹いたときの葉の色で、秋の紅葉の色ではないので、「できたばかりの、生の」の意味でも使われることがあり、例えば、 </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green wound</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> は「生傷」を指す。生傷は血が滲んで赤いから、 red wound の方が生々しい感じがするが、英語圏の人はなぜか </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> を使うことがある。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">老齢や思い出を</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;"> green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> と形容すると、「若々しさ」を表すことになる。昨日のことのように思い出される記憶は </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green memory</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> であり、活発に活動する老年期は</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;"> green old age</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> である。老人を </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> と形容すると、「矍鑠としている、元気な、若々しい」になる </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> (例: As the proverb says, a grey head is often placed on green shoulders… )。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">若者を </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> で形容すると、「経験がない。青二才の、未熟者の、新米の、世間知らずの」といった意味になることが多い (例: as green as green…)。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 2pt 27pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> が「パットするところ、ゴルフコース」を指すようになったのは19世紀中葉から。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 2pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> が「安全、あなた優先」などの意味になったのは、19世紀に合図の旗やランプができてから。現代の電気仕掛けの信号はそれを踏襲している。言うまでもなく、グリーン・ライトは日本語では「青信号」という。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">20世紀前半には </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">greenback</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> 「ドル札、札束、お金」の略語としての </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> が現れた。これは南北戦争後のアメリカの紙幣が緑色のインクで印刷されているためにできた用法である。 </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">greenback</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> は19世紀に出現した言葉。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">20世紀後半になると、 </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">green</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> には「環境保護派の、環境にやさしい、環境を保全する、再生可能の」などの意味ができた(例: green party… 1,000 MW of green power… You should live a greener life...)。ヨーロッパでいち早く環境保護運動が起きたのは1970年代の西ドイツで、 ドイツ語でその政治活動は </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Grüne Aktion Zukunft</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> (Green Campaign for the Future) と呼ばれていた。この</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">グリーン</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">は完全に日本語になっていて、再生可能エネルギーを用いて水を電気分解して得た水素は「グリーン水素」というのに対して、天然ガスなどの化石燃料から抽出した水素は「ブルー水素」という。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 2pt 27pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">グリーンはアイネランドのシンボルカラーである。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 2pt; margin-right: 11pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="background-color: white; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.38; margin: 0pt 11pt 0pt 27pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 2pt;"> </p></span></span></div></span>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-80706634368928060532021-06-26T23:29:00.012-07:002023-01-08T04:16:12.026-08:00Goldilocks<p> <b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px;">Goldilocks</b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">【きいろ・こがねいろの房・束】</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">・幼い金髪の女の子。</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">・金髪<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> (</span>の人<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">)</span>。</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">・<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">(</span>きいろ・こがねいろの花を咲かせる<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">) </span>植物。→キンポウゲ、ゴールドアスターなど。</p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">・<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">(</span>おとぎ話『三匹の熊と金髪の女の子』から、対立する二要素の間で<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">) </span>ちょうどよい。ほどよい。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p4" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><b>~~~</b><span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> WORD DNA </b></span><b>~~~~~~~~~~</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>ORIGIN</b></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>goldy (gold + -y) </b>+ <b>locks</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>ETYMOLOGY</b></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In the 16th century, the word <b>Goldilocks</b> was made with <b>goldy</b> “golden” & <b>locks</b> “curl of hair; strand; tuft” as a simple compound, whose original sense is “golden hair” or a nickname for a blond, especially a little blonde girl.</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The term <b>Goldilocks</b> is also used to refers to any of various plants that have yellow flowers on the top; for example, goldilocks buttercup, aster linosyris (this is like a golden rod.)</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In the 20th century, from the fairytale, Goldilocks and the Three Bears, the term became an adjective “just right; good because it is not extreme but medium; moderately fine; perfect; best” used, for example,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in following phrases below:</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><b></b><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>Goldilocks economy</b> = ideal growth of economy (with a low inflation rate)</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><b></b><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>Goldilocks choice </b>= best choice</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><b></b><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>Goldilocks effect </b>= moderately fine effect.</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><b></b><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>Goldilocks zone </b>= a zone to be thought just right for a planet of life, neither too close nor too far from a parent star & neither too hot nor too cold for water to remain liquid; habitable zone.</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><b></b><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>Goldilocks planet</b> = planet which moves in the Goldilocks zone. Earth-like planet.</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>NOTE</b><br />In John Hassall’s version published 1903, the fairy tale was titled The Three Bears and Golden Hair, & the little bright-haired girl, who arrived at the house of the 3 different-sized bears at the other side of the woods from her home, was named Goldy Locks, & in some earlier versions published in the 19th century, she was named Silver Hair or Silver Locks. The most common present name of the story is <i>Goldilocks and the Three Bears</i>.</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>STORY</b><br />One day Goldy Locks, the little blonde girl, was lost<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in the woods & arrived at a house by chance, in which no one was, trying 3 different-sized bowls of porridge, 3 different-designed chairs, & 3 different-designed beds. She found out that only the smallest ones were “just right“ for her in each case. The big bowl of porridge was too hot & the medium bowl of porridge was too cold, but the tiny little bowl of porridge was not too hot & not too cold so that Goldy Locks liked it,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>& ate it up. The big chair was too hard & the medium chair was too soft, but the tiny little chair was just right for her, not too hard, nor too soft. She sat down on it. It was broken in pieces under her weight.</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">She next went up the stairs & tried 3 different-designed beds to rest upstairs. The big bed was too high at the head for her & the medium bed was too low at the foot, but the tiny little bed was just right at the head & foot for her. She lay down on it going into sleep. After a while, the great big bear, the middle bear & the tiny little bear came back home & found her sleeping on the bed of the tiny little bear. Goldy Locks was woken up by the voice of the Tiny Little Bear. Jumping out of bed to the other side of the angry bears, she ran down stairs with her golden hair flying behind her. The 3 bears were so blinded by her bright hair that they fell as they ran after her. She ran away at her top speed through the woods to her home.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>In most modern versions, the Great Big Bear is Papa Bear, the Medium Bear is Mama Bear, & the Tiny Little Bear is Baby Bear. You can find various versions of this story.</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px 20px; text-align: right;"><b>~~~~~~~~~</b><span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span><b>言葉の遺伝子</b><span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span><b>~~~</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>Goldilocks</b> </span>は<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> <b>goldy</b> </span>と<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> <b>locks</b> </span>から成り、前部の<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> goldy </span>は<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> gold </span>を強調しつつ形容詞化する接尾辞<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> -y </span>から成る。<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">lock </span>は「<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">(</span>髪の<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">)(</span>毛の<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">)</span>房」の複数形、つまり、ふさのあつまり。したがって、<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> <b>goldilocks</b> </span>の基本義は【こがねいろ・きいろのふさ・たば<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> (</span>のあつまり<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">)</span>】といったところ。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">人に関するときは、「金髪」あるいは、「金髪の人」を指すが<b>、</b><span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>Goldilocks</b> </span>が男性・男子に使われることはほとんどなく、普通、女性、とくに女児を指すのに用いられている。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">野原に咲く花を指すときは、房状にあつまった小さなきいろい花のあつまりを指す。花の種類は様々だが、キンポウゲやゴールドアスターなど。この種の花は茎のてっぺん<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> (</span>頭<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">) </span>に花を咲かせる。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">20</span>世紀になると、英国のおとぎ話『三匹の熊とゴルディロックス<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> (</span>金髪の女の子<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">)</span>』の影響で、<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>goldilocks</b> </span>は「ちょうどよい、理想的な」といった意味を獲得した。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">このおとぎ話にはいろいろなヴァージョンがあるけれども、だいたい次のようなものである。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">むかしむかし森の中に大きなお父さんぐまと中くらいのお母さんぐまとちっちゃなあかちゃんぐまがくらしていました<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> (20</span>世紀初頭のジョン・ハッサル版では<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> Great Big Bear, Middle Bear, Tiny Little Bear)</span>。<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>森のはしには小さな金髪の女の子<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> (</span>ハッサル版では<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> Goldy Locks) </span>と両親が三人で暮らしていました。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">ある日、お母さんぐまが作ったお粥がさめるまで、散歩にでかけようということになって、三匹の熊たちは家を留守にしていました。そのとき、森の中で迷子になったゴルディ・ロックスがぐうぜん、三匹の熊たちの家にたどり着きました。三回ノックすると、三回目にはドアがあいたので、ゴルディ・ロックスは中に入りました。台所のテーブルの上には三皿のお粥があったので、森を歩いて、おなかをすかせていたゴルディ・ロックスは食べようとしましたが、大きいお皿のは熱すぎて食べられませんでした。中くらいのお皿のはつめたすぎておいしくありませんでした。でも、一番小さなお皿のお粥は熱すぎず、冷めすぎてもいなかったので、とてもおいしく、ゴルディ・ロックスはぺろりと平らげてしまいました。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">お腹がいっぱいになると、ゴルディ・ロックスは椅子で休むことにしましたが、大きな椅子はかたすぎてすわりごこちがよくありません。中くらいの椅子は柔らかすぎてよくありません。一番小さな椅子はちょうどよかったので、すわってみましたが、体の重さでこわれてしまい、ゴルディ・ロックスは尻もちをついてしまいました。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">ゴルディ・ロックスが二階に上がると、ベッドが三台あったので休むことにしました。けれども、大きなベッドは頭のところが高すぎます。中くらいのベッドは足のところが低すぎます。しかし、一番小さなベッドはゴルディ・ロックスにぴったりだったので、そこに横になると、すぐに眠ってしまいました。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">ゴルディ・ロックスが三匹の熊の声に驚いて目を覚ますと、しばらくぽかんとしてしまいましたが、熊たちがひどく怒っていたので、ベッドから飛び出して、一目散に逃げ出しました。階段を急いで駆け下りると、ゴルディ・ロックスの輝く髪が後ろになびきました。その黄金色の髪があまりに明るく輝いたので、熊たちは眩しすぎて目が見えなくなってしまいました。そのすきにゴルディ・ロックスは森を一気に駆け抜け、なんとか自分のうちにたどりつきました。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">なお、</span> <b>goldy</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">は</span> <b>golden</b> <span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">と同義なので、</span> <b>goldilocks</b> <span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">以外では使われない言葉である。</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">20</span>世紀になると、<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> <b>goldilocks</b> </span>はおとぎ話から「ちょうどよい、ほどよい、理想的な、完璧な」などの意味になった。例えば、<b>ゴルディロックスゾーン</b>といえば、惑星の軌道が親星たる恒星から近すぎもせず、遠すぎもしないので、その惑星の水は液体であり、生物が棲むのに「ちょうど良い」状態になる領域を指す。<b>ゴルディロックスゾーン</b>は「居住可能領域<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> (habitable zone)</span>」とも呼ばれている。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>ゴルディロックス経済</b>といえば、成長はしているけれども、インフレ率は高くなく、理想的な経済環境を保っていることを指す。「適温経済」と翻訳することもある。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-1891437191502708072021-06-15T21:29:00.007-07:002021-06-25T06:09:26.261-07:00 Fear Your Boss<p><span style="font-size: x-large;"> <b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";">Fear Your Boss</b></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">In early Rome, built in 753 BC, the citizens fought to protect their own lives & liberty as soldiers for their own families & themselves, but not for their leader. The people can govern themselves while a state is a small republic. It seems tragic in an<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>aspect that they had a policy that expanding territory was necessary to gain more national security. The bigger the country was going, the more the army was being organized, breaking personal liberty & establishing a ranking in the empire, & hierarchy was built up even in the master race Romans. Ruling people rule & followers follow. It<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>may happen anywhere anytime. The Latin term exercitus, meaning “army,” is a derivative of <span class="s1" style="color: #333333;">exercēre “to train.” The higher officers of the army of the Roman Empire required their men to pledge allegiance to the country or the emperor & to obey military orders unconditionally with the slogan below:</span></span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Fear your boss more than the enemy!</b></span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">紀元前<span class="s2" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">753</span>年に建国した初期のローマにおける市民は、自分の家族や自分自身を守る兵士として、指導者のためではなく、自分の命と自由のために戦っていた。国家が小さな共和国であるなら、国民は自分で自分を統治できる。領土拡張が更なる国家の安全につながるとする政策を有していたことは、一面的にみれば、悲劇的に思える。国が大きくなるにつれ、軍隊は組織化され、個人の自由はなくなり、帝国内に階級が生じて、支配民族のローマ人のうちにさえ身分階層ができるに至った。支配者は支配し、従う者は従う。それはどこでもいつでも起こり得るのだろう。「軍隊」を指すラテン語のエクセルチトゥスは、エクセルチェレ「訓練する」の派生語である。ローマ帝国軍の将校たちは部下の兵士たちに国家、すなわち、皇帝への忠誠を誓わせた上で、次のスローガンのもと命令には無条件に従うよう求めていた。</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>敵よりも上官を恐れよ。</b></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span></p><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.2px; text-size-adjust: auto;"><div><div class="p3" style="font-family: "hiragino sans"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://songbyriver.blogspot.jp/2011/03/about-life-is-joke.html" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none;">Life is a Joke</a></i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;">, a collection of sayings</span></span></div></div><div class="p3" style="font-family: "hiragino sans"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="p3" style="font-family: "hiragino sans"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;">Related Leaves: <br /><a href="https://songbyriver.blogspot.com/2013/11/fear-to-readers.html">Fear to Readers</a><br /><a href="https://songbyriver.blogspot.com/2021/03/who-is-your-enemy-wise-hate-war.html">Who Is Your Enemy</a></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div></div><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p6" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-46947672269660920802021-03-28T19:26:00.009-07:002021-03-30T06:46:24.665-07:00mammoth<p><b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: xx-large;">mammoth</b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">マンモス</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>~~~</b><span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> WORD DNA </b></span><b>~~~~~~~~~~</b></span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-size: x-large;">ORIGIN</span></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Russian.</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-size: x-large;">ETYMOLOGY</span></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">In the 17th century, the Russian word was adopted into English. The word form was not steady in early use. The Present Day Russian form is <b>Мамонт (mamont) </b>that is considered<b> </b>to come from<b> </b>Old Vogul *<span class="s2" style="color: #333333;">mēmoŋt “earth-horn,” whose 1st syllable is reconstructed with evidence of Vogul mā “earth”,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>cognate with Finnish <b><i>maa</i></b> “earth”. Vogul is o</span>ne of the Ugrian languages of the Ural-Altaic family. The mammoth was once supposed to burrow in the earth.</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">In the early 19th century, adjective use was invented from <span class="s2" style="color: #333333;">the mammoth’s enormous size<b> </b></span>in American English. The 1st adjective <b>mammoth</b> was used to describe the size of a 1,235 pound cheese produced in 1802 (Cheshire Mammoth Cheese.)</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">In the 19th century some American writers used <b>mammoth</b> to refer to a mastodon, another extinct elephant-like animal, but now this use is obsolete.</span></p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-size: x-large;"><b>外来語</b> </span></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">マンモス</span></b></p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: Georgia; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-size: x-large;">SENSES & USAGE</span></b></p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-size: x-large;">EXTINCT ELEPHANT-LIKE ANIMAL</span></b></p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span>any of the animals belonging to the genus of Mammuthus, like an elephant, with a trunk, a pair of long curved tusks, & long hair, that lived from about 5,000,000 years ago in the Pliocene epoch to about 4,000 years ago in the current </span><span style="font-size: xx-large;">Holocene </span><span style="font-size: xx-large;">epoch & faded away on our earth, but they have</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-size: xx-large;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-large;">become known by fossil remains dug out in Siberia & Palaeolithic drawings found in caves of Eurasian & North America:</span></p><p class="p8" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p9" style="color: #333333; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Woolly Mammoth, Mammuthus Primigenius......</span></p><p class="p8" style="color: #333333; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p10" style="color: #1a1a1a; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">The North American imperial mammoth (<i>M. imperator</i>) attained a shoulder height of 4 metres (14 feet).<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p11" style="color: #1a1a1a; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 17px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p9" style="color: #333333; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">frozen mammoth carcasses…</span></p><p class="p8" style="color: #333333; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p9" style="color: #333333; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">It is clear that the mammoth was hunted by early North American hunters...</span></p><p class="p8" style="color: #333333; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p12" style="color: #1a1a1a; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Fossil mammoth ivory was previously so abundant that it was exported from Siberia to China and Europe from medieval times...</span></p><p class="p8" style="color: #333333; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p9" style="color: #333333; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">mammoth genome research...</span></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-size: x-large;">SOMETHING GIGANTIC<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b></p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span>a thing that is gigantic, huge, or very large.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span>In adjective use; gigantic, monstrous, huge, very large, so big:</span></p><p class="p8" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p9" style="color: #333333; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">The Cheshire mammoth cheese was a gift from the town of Cheshire, Massachusetts, to President Thomas Jefferson...</span></p><p class="p8" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p9" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">the mammoth metropolis…</span></p><p class="p8" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span> hard to handle; laborious:</span></p><p class="p14" style="color: #3c4043; font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p15" style="color: #3c4043; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">the mammoth task of rebuilding a leaky concrete shell encasing a ruined Chernobyl nuclear reactor...</span></p><p class="p8" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p16" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px 27px; text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>~~~~~~~~~</b><span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span><b>言葉の遺伝子</b><span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span><b>~~~</b></span></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>マンモス</b>はゾウ科マンモス属に属する動物。<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">500</span>万年くらい前の鮮新世に出現し、<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">4000</span>年ぐらい前の完新世に絶滅した哺乳類。長い鼻、長くて曲がった牙と長い毛が特徴。シベリアから発掘された沢山の化石やユーラシア大陸と北アメリカ大陸で見つかった石器時代の人々が住居の洞窟で描いた絵から存在が知られるようになった。その象牙は中世から中国と欧州で珍重され取引されていた。</span></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">英単語<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> <b>mammoth</b> </span>はロシア語から。借入当初、語形は定まっておらず、しばしば、<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> mammon </span>「富<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> = </span>人心を貪欲にする悪魔<span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> / </span>マモン」と同形であった。この語形はもしかすると、マンモスの牙の取引と関係があるのかもしれない。マンモスの牙は好事家に愛好され高値で取引されていた。</span></p><p class="p13" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p17" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s4" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">ロシア語は古</span><span class="s3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">ヴォグル語</span><span class="s5" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">*</span><span class="s6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">mēmoŋt </span>からとされていて、最初の音節は「大地」を指し、後半部は「角」を指す。つまり、<b>マンモス</b>の<b>マ</b>は「大地」を指し、この言葉はフィンランド語の<span class="s5" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> <i>maa</i> </span>「大地」と同系である。ヴォグル族はウラル・アルタイ語族の一派。マンモスは土の中に巣穴を作って棲んでいたと考えられていたことから、「土の角」と名付けられた。</span></p><p class="p18" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p17" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">英単語<span class="s5" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> <b>mammoth</b> </span>が「大きい、でっかい、巨大な、どでかの、怪物並みの」などを指すようになったのは、<span class="s5" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">19</span>世紀初頭のアメリカで、その最初の用法は<span class="s5" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> Cheshire Mammoth Cheese </span>であった。この重さ<span class="s5" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">560kg</span>の怪物チーズは<span class="s5" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">1802</span>年、マサチューセッツ州のチェシャーという畜産の町からトマス・ジェファーソン大統領にプレゼントされたものであり、ジェファーソンのモットーが刻印されていた。</span></p><p class="p18" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p19" style="color: #202122; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s7" style="color: black; font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><span style="font-family: times;">Rebellion to tyrants is obedience to God.</span></span></p><p class="p20" style="color: #202122; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"> 暴君への反乱は神への服従。</span></p><p class="p18" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p17" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">チェシャーの町の人々は畜産農家が家族総出でこのチーズを作り、奴隷は一人も使わなかった。</span></p><p class="p18" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p17" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s5" style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>Mammoth</b> </span>には大きさだけにとどまらず、扱いにくい怪物を連想させる使用法もある。</span></p><p class="p18" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: times;">the mammoth task of rebuilding </span></span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"> a leaky concrete shell encasing </span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"> a ruined Chernobyl nuclear reactor…</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">廃墟となったチェルノブイリの</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span> 原子炉を覆うための</span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; white-space: pre-wrap;">ひびの入った</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"> コンクリートの外壁を再建するという</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #3c4043; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"> 骨の折れる仕事。</span></span></p><p class="p18" style="font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-d857ac60-7fff-336d-c3d5-2103aad96b88" style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p class="p18" style="font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: times;">Related Leaf</span></p><p class="p18" style="font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><a href="https://songbyriver.blogspot.com/search?q=white+elephant">white elephant</a></span></p><p class="p18" style="font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: times;"><br /></span></p><p class="p18" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p21" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Learn more at Wikipedia</span></p><p class="p21" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Mammoth</span></p><p class="p22" style="color: #1155cc; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s8" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium; text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammoth">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammoth</a></span></p><p class="p18" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p21" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Cheshire Mammoth Cheese</span></p><p class="p22" style="color: #1155cc; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s8" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium; text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheshire_Mammoth_Cheese">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheshire_Mammoth_Cheese</a></span></p><p class="p18" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p21" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Manci or Vogul</span></p><p class="p22" style="color: #1155cc; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s8" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium; text-decoration-line: underline;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansi_people">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansi_people</a></span></p><p class="p18" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p class="p18" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Pliocene</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliocene" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliocene</span></span></a></p><p class="p18" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-6b1d13b9-7fff-e59d-a5c2-9f48bfd90ff8"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Holocene</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene</span></span></a></p><p class="p18" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: black; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Palaeolithic</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic</span></a></span></p><div><br /></div>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-53780706572951939872021-03-26T18:27:00.022-07:002023-12-26T22:36:07.021-08:00 Who Is Your Enemy?<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;"> <span style="font-weight: 700; white-space: pre-wrap;">Who Is Your Enemy?</span></span></p><span id="docs-internal-guid-660c629c-7fff-a5ce-c3eb-89a88af6ba35"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;"><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The wise hate war. Ulysses, the king of Ithaca, pretends to be crazy when Palamedes arrives in the island to urge the king to join the war against Troy, in compliance with the pact of the alliance, that if one of them is attacked, </span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">all the Greek kings have to fight the enemy together for him. </span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Ulysses loves his family & himself more than other Greek kings who are far from his home island.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">After a few thousand years had passed since the Greek epic was first told, the most cruel war began in human history. In World War II, Captain John Yossarian, a US Army Air Force B-25 pilot, is in trouble with a catch-22 dilemma in </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Catch-22</span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, a novel by Joseph Heller, which is the origin of the term catch-22 of course. Anyone who doesn’t want to go to the battle isn’t insane, but if he isn’t insane, he must go to the battle in any war. John, who doesn’t want to be killed either in the battle against the Axis Powers or by the command of the higher officers of his own country, comes to the conclusion.</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 7pt; margin-left: 17pt; margin-top: 2pt;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The enemy is anybody who's going to get you killed, no matter which SIDE he's on.</span></p><div><span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span></div><div><br /></div><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">誰が敵か?</span></p><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">賢者は戦争を嫌う。パラメーデースが島に訪れ、誰か一人が攻撃されたら、ギリシャの王たち</span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">は結集して敵と戦わねばならないとする同盟の盟約にそって参戦を促そうとしたとき、イタカの王オデュッセウスは狂気を装う。本国の島から遠く離れたところにいるギリシャの王たちよりも自分の家族と自分自身のことを思ってのことである。</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">このギリシャの叙事詩が初めて語られてから数千年が過ぎた頃、人類史上もっとも残虐な戦争が勃発した。catch-22なる語句の語源となったジョゼフ・ヘラー作の小説『キャッチ22』の中で、第二次世界大戦中、米国陸軍航空隊のB25爆撃機の操縦士ジョン・ヨッサリアン中尉は catch-22 (どうすることもできない状態 / 矛盾を孕んだ八方塞がり / 常識や規則によるがんじがらめ) のジレンマに陥っている。どんな戦争でも戦場に出たくない者は狂っていないが、狂っていないなら、戦場に行かなければならない。枢軸国との戦闘でも上官の命令でも殺されたくないジョンは結論を出す。</span></p><br /><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">敵</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">とはあなたを死に追いやろうとする者のことである。どっち側にいるかは関係がない。</span></span></span><div><br /></div><div><div><span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: Arial; font-size: 18pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span></div><div><div class="p3" style="font-family: "hiragino sans"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://songbyriver.blogspot.jp/2011/03/about-life-is-joke.html" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none;">Life is a Joke</a></i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;">, a collection of sayings</span></span></div></div></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="color: #6aa84f;"><b style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Related Leaves: <br /></b></span><a href="https://songbyriver.blogspot.com/2013/11/fear-to-readers.html" style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "hiragino sans";">Fear to Readers</a><br style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "hiragino sans";" /><a href="https://songbyriver.blogspot.com/2021/06/fear-your-boss.html" style="background-color: white;">Fear Your Boss</a></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://songbyriver.blogspot.com/2023/12/nazi.html">Nazi</a></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;">Go to Amazon</span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/gp/search/ref=as_li_qf_sp_sr_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wingword-22&keywords=ジョーゼフ・ヘラー&index=aps&camp=247&creative=1211&linkCode=ur2&linkId=cfc73d5287325567f009191dd7a17ee2">Joseph Heller</a></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;"><a href="https://www.amazon.co.jp/gp/search/ref=as_li_qf_sp_sr_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wingword-22&keywords=ジョーゼフ・ヘラー&index=aps&camp=247&creative=1211&linkCode=ur2&linkId=9ac9ad5204fcb151c31cc6bb9dcec2e5"">ジョーゼフ・ヘラー</a></span></span></div><div><br /></div>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-53311697804500044372020-12-31T04:22:00.001-08:002020-12-31T04:22:05.276-08:00 Everyone’s Birthday<p> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-weight: 700; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Everyone’s Birthday</span></span></p><span id="docs-internal-guid-72aa5dea-7fff-00f3-a0ac-4c50dd0aca7c"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Happy birthday to Time! Happy birthday to you! Happy birthday to everything! May 2021 be your best year! I wish so & send to you Charles Lamb’s message:</span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">New year’s day is every man’s birthday.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-family: Arial; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Original</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">New Year’s Day is every man’s birthday.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-family: Arial; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Author</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Charles Lamb</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">British poet, essayist, & antiquarian.</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">1775-1834</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Lamb" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Wikipedia</span></span></a></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-family: Arial; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">五七五訳</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">元日はすべての人の誕生日</span></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□</span></span></p><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br />Life is a Joke, a collection of Sayings<br /></span><br /></span>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-46653366646103657582020-12-26T18:41:00.019-08:002020-12-28T04:13:57.847-08:00jingle<p> <b style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px;">jingle</b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><b>~~~</b><span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> WORD DNA </b></span><b>~~~~~~~~~~</b></p><p class="p4" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px; min-height: 25px;"><b></b><br /></p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><b style="background-color: #d9ead3;">ORIGIN</b></p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">Imitative.</p><p class="p4" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><b style="background-color: #d9ead3;">SENSES & USAGE</b></p><p class="p4" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px; min-height: 25px;"><b></b><br /></p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><b>Metallic Sound Senses</b></p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">In Middle English, the intransitive verb appeared with the basic sense “(metallic things such as small bells, shaking coins, each-other-knocking keys or pieces of a chain (ie necklace, bracelet, etc.) make a somewhat pleasant sound; sound or ring.”</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">The bells jingled…</p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">In the 16th century, the transitive verb appeared:</p><p class="p8" style="color: #333333; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><span style="font-family: times;">He jingled some change in his pocket...</span></p><p class="p8" style="color: #333333; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><span style="font-family: times;">Jingle bells...</span></p><p class="p9" style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px; min-height: 22px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">In the 17th century, the noun appeared with the sense “sound when small bells ring or metallic things are knocking against each other.”</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">the jingle of small change in his pocket…</p><p class="p7" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">In the 18th century, the sense “to move or run with a jingling sound” became apparent:</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">I jingled down the stairs...</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">A carriage jingled by...</p><p class="p4" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><b>SONG SENSES</b></p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">[These senses were probably made from an association between the sounds of rhyming words & pleasant jingling sounds.]</p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">In the 17th century, the senses “to sound with alliteration; to rhyme; to play with words for the sake of sound” were made up. Also. used as a noun:</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">jingling verse…</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">jingling street ballads...</p><p class="p10" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">Jingles of a Happy Mother Goose...</p><p class="p11" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">In the early 20th century, the sense “short, simple catchy commercial song” was invented:</p><p class="p6" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">the effectiveness of a TV jingle...</p><p class="p4" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p12" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><b>外来語 ジングル</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><b>~~~~~~~~~</b><span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span><b>言葉の遺伝子</b><span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span><b>~~~</b></p><p class="p13" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px; min-height: 22px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><b>jingle</b> <span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">は擬声語で、</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">中英語期に出現した。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">鈴や細かい金属類がぶつかり合う音。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">日本語では、</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><b> チリンチリン</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><b> チャリンチャリン</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><b> カチャカチャ</b></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">などに対応する。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">OED<span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">は、</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>a sound intermediate between clicking and <span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>ringing.</p><p class="p1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">「</span>clinking <span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">と</span> ringing <span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">の中間音」</span></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">と説明している。</p><p class="p14" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">当初は動詞の用法しかなかったが、</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">十七世紀に名詞用法ができた。</p><p class="p14" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>Jingle </b></span>で表現される音には</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">「心地よさ」が含意されている</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">といってもよいだろう。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">十七世紀には、</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">「韻文を作る、詩を書く、</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">言葉遊びをする」</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">といった意味が作られた。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><br /></p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Whene'er my Muse does on me glance,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>I jingle at her.</p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>(Robert Burns, Poems, 1786))</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"> ミューズに目をかけてもらうたび、</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"> ぼくは詩を詠む、女神のもとで。</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">この動詞はすぐに名詞化して</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">「歌、詩、歌詞」といった意味になった。</p><p class="p14" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">二十世紀にラジオやテレビが</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">発明されると、</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;">短くてキャッチーなコマーシャルソングを</p><p class="p3" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 36px;"><span class="s1" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">jingle </span>というようになった。</p><p class="p15" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px 11px; min-height: 25px;"><br /></p><p class="p16" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px 11px;"> 外来語は<b>ジングル</b>だが、</p><p class="p16" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px 11px;"> 歌の歌詞でしか</p><p class="p16" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px 11px;"> 使われていないかもしれない。</p><p class="p16" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px 11px;"><br /></p><p class="p16" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px 11px;"><br /></p><p class="p16" style="font-family: "Hiragino Mincho ProN"; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px 11px;"><br /></p>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-54184575953301520492020-12-23T04:22:00.002-08:002020-12-23T04:25:49.076-08:00Always With You<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Always With You</b></span><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-size: x-large;">Jesus says on the 28th chapter of the Gospel by Matthew. (KJV)</span></div><div><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>I am always with you even unto the end of the world.</b></span></div><div><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>わたしは世の終わりまであなたがたとともにある。</b></span></div><div><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Merry Christmas!</b></span></div>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-42655616230799302542020-10-09T00:26:00.011-07:002020-11-10T04:35:27.160-08:00 tea<p> <b style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">tea</span></b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c5581; font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>~~~</b><span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> WORD DNA </b></span><b>~~~~~~~~~~</b></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">In the 16th c. <b>tea</b> has first arrived in the English vocabulary.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Various spellings & pronunciations are found in the English history, & the oldest quotation on the OED is taken out of a 1598 translation book, in which the word form is <b>Chaa</b>. In English, <b>cha</b> or similar pronunciations became the minority word forms, & the word forms such as <b>cha</b>, <b>chah</b>, <b>char</b>, <b>chai</b> sound exotic.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span>Both<b> Cha </b>& <b>tea</b> are of Chinese origin.<b> Cha</b> is Cantonese as well as Mandarin. The Portuguese borrowed the Macau form <b>cha</b> to introduce tea to Europe </span><span>in the 16th century.</span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: xx-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-size: x-large;">Portuguese-Chinese Cha Family</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Spanish <i><b>cha</b></i> (obsolete now)</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Italian <span class="s2" style="color: #333333;"><i><b>cià</b></i><b><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i></b></span> (obsolete now)</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Russian <span class="s3" style="color: #2c5581;"><b><i>чай </i></b></span>(<span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">チャイ</span>)</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Tea</b> is under the influence of the Dutch-Malay-Amoy Te Family. Amoy is a Chinese dialect spoken in Amoy, also called Xiamen Province in Fujian.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> The Dutch began to import tea in the 17th century. Most of European nations copied the TE sound.</span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-size: x-large;">Dutch-Malay-Amoy Te Family</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i></i></b><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Amoy <b><i>te</i></b></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Fuchian<b><i> tiä</i></b></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Indonesian <b><i>teh</i></b></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Malay<b><i> te, teh</i></b></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Dutch <b><i>the</i></b></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Modern Latin <b><i>thea<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i></b></span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #2c5581; font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">English <b>tea</b></span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #2c5581; font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">German<b> <i>Tee</i></b></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Swedish<b> <i>te</i></b></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Danish<b> <i>te</i></b></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Norwegian<b> <i>te</i></b></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Icelandic<b><i> te</i></b></span></p><p class="p5" style="color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">French <b><i>thé</i></b>,</span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #2c5581; font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s5" style="color: black;">Spanish </span><b><i>té </i></b>(obsolete<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Spanish <b><i>cha</i></b><i>)</i></span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #2c5581; font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s5" style="color: black;">Italian <b><i>tè</i></b> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(</span>obsolete Italian <span class="s2" style="color: #333333;"><b><i>cià</i></b></span><span class="s5" style="color: black;">)</span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Hungarian <b><i>tea</i></b> (<span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">テア</span>)</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: xx-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-size: x-large;">From-Ancient-Chinese-CHA Family</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: xx-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span>The ultimate source for all words in the languages above is probably Ancient Chinese </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>茶</b></span><b> <i>kia</i></b><span> (?), which also gave rise to:</span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Korean <span class="s6" style="font-family: "Apple SD Gothic Neo"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>차</b></span><b> </b>(cha)</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Japanese<b> </b><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>ちゃ</b></span><b> </b>(<span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">茶</span> cha)</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>ティー</b></span> [from English]</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>テ</b></span> [From Italian & French]</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>チャイ</b></span> [Probably from Urdu & Hindi.]</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Vietnamese<b> <i>trà</i></b><i> </i>(<span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">チャ</span>)</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Urdu<b> </b><span class="s7" style="font-family: "Geeza Pro"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>چائے</b></span> (<span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">チャイ</span>)</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Hindi<b> </b><span class="s8" style="font-family: "Kohinoor Devanagari"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>चाय</b></span> (<span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">チャイ</span>)</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Persian<b> </b><span class="s7" style="font-family: "Geeza Pro"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>چای</b></span><b> </b>(<span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">チャイ</span>)</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Arabic <span class="s7" style="font-family: "Geeza Pro"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">شاي</span> (<span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">シャイ</span>)</span></p><p class="p6" style="color: #2c5581; font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Turkish<b> <i>chāy </i></b><span class="s5" style="color: black;">(</span><span class="s9" style="color: black; font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">チャイ</span><span class="s5" style="color: black;">)</span></span></p><p class="p6" style="color: #2c5581; font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Mongolian <b><i>цай </i></b>(<span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">ツァイ</span>)</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Greek τσάι (<span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">ツァイ</span>)</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Romanian <b><i>ceai</i></b> (<span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">チャイ</span>)</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Swahili <b><i>chai</i></b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-size: x-large;">SENSES & USAGE</span></b></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">PLANT</span></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span>the tea-leaf plant. Also, the tea-leaf shrub or tea-leaf tree, <i>Camellia sinensis, </i>which has oval & slightly tooth-like evergreen leaves & white flowers, & is said to have been cultivated in China, India, Japan, & adjacent countries from ancient times. The leaves, shoots, & twigs of this shrub are used to make various teas.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">LEAVES</span></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span>the leaves or leaf-buds of the tea-leaf plant, dried, powdered, or prepared for making tea. Teas are sorted by the methods of processing, flavors, & colors: black tea, oolong tea, Pu-erh tea, yellow tea, white tea, green tea. Black tea is 100<span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">%</span> oxidized by bruising the fresh leaves & drying them, & the most popular in the UK, & green tea is not oxidized by steaming the fresh leaves & shoots, & the most popular in Japan:</span></p><p class="p7" style="color: #222222; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Britain imported 15 million pounds of tea annually<span class="s5" style="color: black;">…</span></span></p><p class="p7" style="color: #222222; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Common ingredients added to perfumes include ginger, grapefruit, musk, peppercorns, mandarin peel, fig leaves, rose, watercress, bamboo, clementine, vanilla, honeysuckle, and green tea.</span></p><p class="p8" style="color: #4d5156; font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p9" style="color: #4d5156; font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">--- attributive</span></p><p class="p9" style="color: #4d5156; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">The British Parliament passed the <span class="s10" style="color: #5f6368;"><b>Tea Act</b></span> in 1773...</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">The tea tax struck tea drinkers only...</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea industry…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea supply…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea plantation workers in Sri Lanka...</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea canister...</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea chest…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea dust...</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">--- Used with the place name to specifies the producing district:</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Assam tea…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Darjeeling tea…</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span>tea leaves left at the bottom of a teapot or tea cup after the tea has been drunk. Also, <b>tea leaf. </b>It is used in tasseomancy:</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">How to read tea leaves...</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span>(<b>not for all the tea in China</b>) [It was the fact that China was a country which produced a great deal of tea. This phrase was made up in Australian English.]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>not at any price:</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">I will never do that job for all the tea in China...</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">BEVERAGES</span></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span><span>a caffein-content drink with refreshing flavor & taste made by infusing the tea leaves in boiling, hot, or cold water:</span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Your tea will get quite cold…<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">How about tea?...</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">cold brew iced tea…<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Black, Green, and oolong teas are all derived from exactly the same plant. The differences in taste and color come from their processing.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">strong tea…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">weak tea…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea and turn out (=tea and accompaniments)...</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">---(used with specifying words) a drink made with tea & other ingredients:</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">apple tea…<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">lemon tea…<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">strawberry tea…<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">ginger honey tea...</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Russian tea…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Hong Kong style milk tea, a mixture of black tea and evaporated milk...</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span>a cup or glass of tea:</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">We ordered two teas…</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span>attributive:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Boston Tea Party…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">teapot…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea bag…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea cup…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea mug…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea bowl…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Tea urn...</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea cake…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea spoon</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea set (cups, saucers, spoons, etc.)</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">a set of tea china…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea cloth… (table cloth or cloth to wipe tea things or dishes after washing them.)</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea room…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea shop…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea bar...</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea towel… (tea cloth or wiper)</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">The Japanese tea ceremony was refined with Zen...</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea egg… (Chinese cookery)</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea culture…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">tea picnic…</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span>[In the 17th century, this sense appeared, because a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>herbal infusion is made in the same way to brew tea.] a drink made from the leaves, flowers, roots, or other parts of other plant, often mixed with other ingredients; a herbal infusion; used with specifying words:</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Moroccan mint tea…<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">sage tea…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">chamomile tea…<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Taiwanese jasmine tea…<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><span class="s11" style="color: #4d5156;">maté</span> tea...</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Rosemary tea...</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">hibiscus tea…</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">lemon-grass tea...</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">hydrangea leaf tea...</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">New Jersey tea…</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span>In Jamaican English, a non-alcoholic hot drink:</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">coffee tea… (=coffee)</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">MEAL or SOCIAL ENTERTAINMENT</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span>[In the 18th century, this sense has been<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>made of a custom of taking tea & accompaniments in the afternoon.]</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span>a meal or social entertainment taken between 3 & 5 pm, in which the usual drink is tea, but sometimes coffee, hot chocolate, or other drink is served. People enjoy tea, snacks, & talks in the tea parties:</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">afternoon tea…<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">I took her to tea at the hotel…</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span>an ordinary meal eaten in the late afternoon or early evening, which includes bread & butter or jams, scones, sandwiches, cooked meat and/or other dishes.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Some people call supper “tea,” even if they don’t take tea at that meal. Synonymous phrases: <b>high tea, meat tea, cream tea</b>.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span>In Jamaican English, breakfast, or the first solid meal of the day.</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">The maids had bread and butter for their morning tea…</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span>[In the 19th century, the verb appeared. Now, rare.] </span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">to serve tea; to entertain at tea; to drink tea; to take tea or a meal that is called tea.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">INTEREST</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span>[This proverbial sense may have been made from the fact that everyone has his/her favorite cup of tea.]</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">one’s tea or one’s cup of tea is a thing or person that interests or suits them:<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Politics is not my cup of tea… (= Politics is a topic I don’t like.)</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Are you sure she will be his cup of tea?...</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="s4" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: x-large;">MARIJUANA</span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica;">[In the 20th century, this underground slang term appeared in American English, which may have been made from some common points between tea & marijuana. Some people brew marijuana in hot water to drink.] </span></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: x-large;">marijuana, hashish:</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">She smoked 3 stick of tea...</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">Related Leaves</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://songbyriver.blogspot.com/2020/10/tea-and-sympathy.html">tea and sympathy</a></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://songbyriver.blogspot.com/2020/10/teatime.html">teatime</a></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p class="p11" style="color: #2c5581; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px 27px; text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">~</span><span style="font-family: Hiragino Sans;">~~~~~~~~</span></b><span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span><b style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans";">言葉の遺伝子</b><span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span><b style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans";">~~~</b></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">お茶は中国では</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">四千年前から飲まれていたと言う。</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">漢方の歴史は二千五百年だから、</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">お茶の方が千五百歳年上。</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">日本には八世紀の奈良時代に伝来。</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">ヨーロッパ人がお茶に</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">出会ったのは十六世紀、</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">オランダ人が輸入を</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">開始したのが</span><span style="font-size: xx-large;">十七世紀。</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">欧州でのお茶の呼び名は</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">チャ語族とテ語族に分かれる。</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">西洋諸語をみると、</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">先に伝来した</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">ポルトガル語がチャ語族で</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">その源流はマカオの広東語。</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">テ語族ははオランダ人が</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">西洋に持ち込んだもので、</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">その源流は福建省の</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">港湾都市アモイの言葉。</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">福建省はお茶の産地で、</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">福建語では</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">テとチャの中間のような発音をする。</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">広東語、アモイ語、福建語はすべて</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">古代中国語からできている。</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">イングランドにもチャ系の音は伝わったが、</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">主流にはならず、テ、テーなどの</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">音が現代音ティーになった。</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">欧州諸語はほとんど</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">テ語族に属する。</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">大英帝国は当初、茶葉の生産を</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">中国・福建省で行っていたが、</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">阿片戦争</span> (1840-42) <span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">を機に、</span></span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">インドに移していった。</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">それまで<span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> Bohea </span>と呼ばれる</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">茶葉がイングランドで流通していたが、</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">阿片戦争後に</span><span style="font-size: xx-large;">消滅した。</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Bohea <span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">は</span> Wui<span class="s4" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">、</span></span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">すなわち、福建省武夷のこと。</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">武夷は烏龍茶が発明されたところ。</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">英国ではお茶といえば、</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">「紅茶」、すなわち、</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">black tea</span></b></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">のこと。紅茶には</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">東インド会社の貨物船で</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">運んでいる最中に</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">茶葉が自然と黒くなってしまったが、</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">お湯でこして飲んでみると</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">おいしかったので、</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">そのまま本国で販売した、</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">という自然発生説がある。</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">真偽は定かではない。</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">また、欧州各国で</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">コーヒー・紅茶が普及したのには、</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">砂糖の普及が関係している。</span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p12" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18428991.post-37842761409081017562020-10-07T06:26:00.008-07:002020-10-22T17:08:53.467-07:00teatime<p><span style="font-size: x-large;"> <b style="font-family: Helvetica;">teatime</b></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p class="p3" style="color: #2c5581; font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>~~~</b><span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> WORD DNA </b></span><b>~~~~~~~~~~</b></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b></b><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">In the 18th century, <b>tea-time</b> appeared in the English vocabulary which was a simple compound made with <b>tea</b> & <b>time</b>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">SENSES & USAGE</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-size: x-large;">TIME TO HAVE A MEAL</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span> the time to have a meal of bread, scones & jam or butter, sandwiches, etc. </span><span style="font-size: xx-large;">in the late afternoon or early evening in the UK, Ireland, & some commonwealth countries</span><span style="font-size: xx-large;"> that is called </span><b style="font-size: xx-large;">tea. </b><span style="font-size: xx-large;">Both the daily meal & entertainment for guests are called </span><b style="font-size: xx-large;">tea</b><span style="font-size: xx-large;"> in British English.</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-size: x-large;">TIME TO REST WITH TEA</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">・</span>an interval to take tea (or other drink) and/or snacks at the workplace; a tea break:</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: times; font-size: x-large;">The American have coffee times. The British have tea times…</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p4" style="color: #2c5581; font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 2px 27px; text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>~~~~~~~~~</b><span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span><b>言葉の遺伝子</b><span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"><b> </b></span><b>~~~</b></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>teatime</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">は「お茶の時間」</span></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">英国、アイルランド、一部の</span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">コモンウェルスの国々では、</span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">tea </span>は午後、あるいは、</span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">夕方にとる食事を指す。</span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">ホテルなどでお客様を</span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">おもてなしする場合も</span></p><p class="p1" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>tea</b> <span class="s2" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">あるいは</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>afternoon tea</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">などということがある。</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">また、日本でもよくあるような、</span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">職場でお茶を淹れて</span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">休憩することも</span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">「お茶の時間」</span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">と呼び、午前十一時頃と</span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">午後四時頃に休憩する</span></p><p class="p5" style="font-family: "Hiragino Sans"; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">ことが多い。</span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></p><p class="p2" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 22px;"><b></b><br /></p>blind bardhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11459295989741599369noreply@blogger.com0